This publication is a guide for the government and donors in allocating and programming future funds to raise the efficiency of Afghanistan’s transport system. It takes stock of achievements of the previous Road Master Plan and important sector developments that have emerged during the intervening period. The Master Plan Update covers roads, railways, civil aviation, urban transport, and trade logistics, and administrative responsibilities concerned with transport infrastructure and operations. It provides a program of prioritized investments, and recommends urgent capacity-building measures. As transportation in Afghanistan is central to social stability and peace-building efforts, the development results generated by the master plan will extend beyond the boundaries of the transport sector.