Infrastructure was identified as one of the joint priorities of federal, provincial and territorial governments as part of restoring fiscal balance. Five key principles emerged from Canada's 2006 fiscal balance consultations with the provinces and territories:
- Accountability through clarity of roles and responsibilities;
- Fiscal responsibility and budget transparency;
- Predictable, long-term fiscal arrangements;
- A competitive and efficient economic union; and
- Effective collaborative management of the federation.
The Government of Canada established the new $33 billion Building Canada Plan under Budget 2007 that is guided by these principles.