This document outlines the discussion about lessons for Karachi surrounding Water and Sanitation (W&S) services reform in large cities and urban areas elsewhere in the world. A key lesson learned from the workshop is that there is no single solution or model for water management that can be applied everywhere. However, international and Pakistani city experiences all highlight a number of factors crucial for effective reform in most contexts. These factors include the importance of reliable information; the need for performance benchmarks and monitoring; the issue of keeping policymaking, regulation, and provision separate and therefore ensuring a robust accountability framework; strong political leadership,; having a comprehensive plan; sticking to the principles, while being pragmatic in strategy; managing change processes; proving powerful incentives; and the need to have resources to sustain reform plans and initiatives.
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