The Recommendation calls for governments to assess their public procurement laws and practices at all levels of government in order to promote more effective procurement and reduce the risk of bid rigging in public tenders. The Recommendation is a step forward in the fight against collusion in public procurement that the OECD has been leading for a long time especially through the 2009 Guidelines for Fighting bid rigging in Public Procurement and the work related to its dissemination worldwide. In 2016, the OECD issued a report to show how competition and procurement authorities have been implementing the 2012 Recommendation, enhancing the usefulness of this tool.